WHAT IS BREAST REDUCTION?
Breast reduction, or reduction mammoplasty, is a surgical procedure that reduces breast size by removing excess breast tissue and skin.
Some people with larger breasts experience physical symptoms such as back, shoulder, or neck discomfort, or indentations on the shoulders from bra straps. Others may find that breast size affects their ability to exercise, take part in certain activities, or wear particular types of clothing.
Surgery may help reduce some of these concerns, but outcomes vary between individuals and cannot be guaranteed. Anyone considering breast reduction should discuss their specific situation, expectations, and risks with a qualified surgeon.
Each person’s needs are different, and treatment is planned individually?
Breast reduction surgery is a procedure that may be considered by women of different ages who are concerned about the size of their breasts.
Although the main aim of breast reduction surgery is to reduce breast size, the procedure can also involve:
- Adjusting symmetry between the breasts
- Repositioning the nipple to a higher location
- Changing the size or shape of the areola (the darker skin around the nipple)
- Altering breast shape in relation to the body
GALLERY
Reasons for a breast reduction
heavy and uncomfortable
Breast reduction surgery is sometimes requested by younger patients. In these cases, the breasts may contain a higher proportion of glandular tissue, which can contribute to heaviness and discomfort. Family history can also play a role, as larger breasts often run in families.
The aims of surgery can differ between younger and older patients. For younger people, the procedure may involve less removal of breast tissue and more reshaping, so that the breasts are supported in a different position. The focus is on addressing symptoms and tailoring the surgical approach to the individual’s needs.
HELP REDUCE NECK AND BACK PAIN
Large and heavy breasts can contribute to back, shoulder, and neck discomfort, although these symptoms can also have other causes. A thorough history and examination are important to identify the source of symptoms and determine whether breast reduction surgery may be appropriate.
Breast reduction surgery can decrease breast size by removing tissue and skin, but the amount that can be reduced depends on individual factors such as body frame, anatomy, and overall health. Outcomes vary between individuals and should be discussed in detail with a qualified surgeon.
improve nipple position
In some cases, breast reduction surgery may also be used to improve the position of nipples that sit lower on the chest wall. This aspect of the procedure is similar to a mastopexy (breast lift), as both operations share many common features. While a breast reduction generally involves the removal of breast tissue and skin, in some situations only a minimal amount of tissue (usually from the lower breast) is removed. The surgery often focuses on reshaping and repositioning the existing glandular tissue to restore breast volume and improve nipple position.
Addressing Sagging Skin and Loss of Volume
In some situations, a breast reduction on its own may not achieve the desired outcome, particularly if there has been significant volume loss in the upper part of the breast. There are two main options that may be considered in these cases. The first involves using some of the patient’s own breast tissue, folded and reshaped, to add volume to the upper breast. This is sometimes referred to as an “auto-augmentation” and can be effective for appropriately selected patients.
In other circumstances, a breast implant may be recommended to restore additional fullness to the upper part of the breast. When a breast lift and implant are combined in the same procedure, this is often called an augmentation mastopexy. This approach is more commonly performed in patients who have experienced substantial weight loss.
Post-Pregnancy or After Weight Loss
Your body naturally adapts and changes over time in response to life’s challenges. If you are considering ways to restore breast shape, surgical options such as breast augmentation or a breast lift with implants (augmentation mastopexy) may be discussed as potential options during a consultation.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT OUR BREAST REDUCTION SURGERY PROCEDURES
If pre- and post-operative images are shown on this site, they are provided for general information only and do not predict your outcome. Images are displayed using comparable lighting, positioning, background, and clothing where possible. Any gallery contains a prominent notice stating that results vary due to factors including individual anatomy and healing. Images are not digitally altered other than standard anonymisation and sizing for web display.
Dr Alex Phoon Specialist Plastic Surgeon
AHPRA registration number: MED0001587102
Registration type: Specialist registration
Recognised specialty: Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery
Patients may verify registration via the AHPRA public register.
All surgical procedures carry risks. Specific to mastopexy, these may include but are not limited to:
Anaesthetic risks, infection, bleeding, delayed healing, seroma, and scarring (including hypertrophic or keloid scars).
Changes in sensation of the nipple or skin-temporary or permanent.
Asymmetry, contour irregularities, or wound dehiscence.
Scarring that may not fade completely; healing varies by individual.
Rare but serious risks such as blood clots (DVT/PE) or death.
A comprehensive written risk summary will be provided during consultation.
It is essential that all risks & complications of surgery are understood before proceeding. For more information on risks & complications please visit our web page on Risks & Complications of Cosmetic Surgery – Dr Alex Phoon
Recovery following breast reduction surgery varies between individuals and depends on factors such as the extent of the procedure, a patient’s general health, and the type of work or activities they usually do.
Most patients experience some discomfort, swelling, and bruising in the first few weeks. Pain relief medication is generally prescribed to help manage this. Light activities such as gentle walking are encouraged early, but strenuous exercise and heavy lifting are usually avoided for several weeks.
Many people take about one to two weeks away from work, although this depends on the nature of their job. Those with more physically demanding roles may require additional time.
It can take several months for swelling to settle and for the breasts to take on their final shape. Scars will be present and generally fade over time, but their appearance varies between individuals. Regular follow-up with your surgeon allows monitoring of healing and the opportunity to discuss any concerns.
All breast reductions involve a scar all the way around the areola and vertically down to the breast crease below your breast. This is called a lollipop incision and is best suited to smaller breast reductions. When the breast is larger, an anchor type or ‘inverted T’ incision is needed so the excess skin can be removed. That way you don’t get left with ruffling of the skin if you had a lollipop incision alone.
The scars are usually very well tolerated particularly if we use the latest techniques to minimise them such as silicone tapes etc. Scars always take a variable time to mature being initially pink before fading up to a year later. Some patients can have a genetic tendency to have wider scars however and any surgical benefit would need to be balanced against the risk of having wider or more visible scars.
Risks and complications of cosmetic surgery
Cosmetic surgery is a form of surgery and, like all surgical procedures, carries risks and potential complications. It is important that anyone considering cosmetic surgery is provided with accurate and complete information about these risks before deciding whether to proceed.
Dr Alex Phoon is an Australian specialist plastic surgeon (specialist registration in Surgery – Plastic Surgery, AHPRA registration number: MED0001587102). He performs cosmetic and reconstructive procedures in accredited hospital facilities with appropriately qualified surgical, anaesthetic, and nursing teams.
This page outlines general categories of risks and complications that may be associated with cosmetic surgery. A full discussion of risks specific to an individual procedure will be provided in writing and during consultation as part of the informed consent process.
Scarring
Scarring is a common concern for people considering cosmetic surgery. All surgery results in some form of scarring, and while techniques are used to help reduce its appearance, it cannot be completely avoided. The extent and visibility of scars vary between individuals and depend on factors such as the type of surgery, healing response, and skin characteristics.
Read moreThe severity and appearance of scars can vary from person to person and depend on the type of procedure performed. Factors such as genetics, skin type, and individual healing responses can influence how noticeable scars may be. In many cases, scars may become less prominent over time, but this process is highly individual.
Scarring is a normal part of the body’s healing process. When the skin is cut or injured, the body forms new collagen fibres to repair the area. This healing response creates a scar, which may differ in colour and texture from the surrounding skin.
Different types of scars may occur after cosmetic surgery. For example, hypertrophic scars are raised, thickened areas that may be red or itchy. Keloid scars, which grow beyond the boundaries of the original wound, can occur in some people and may be more common in those with darker skin tones.
While surgical techniques aim to minimise tension on the skin and place incisions in less visible areas, scarring cannot be completely avoided. Patients are often advised to follow post-operative instructions carefully, which may include wound care, the use of silicone gels or dressings, and sun protection.
In some situations, scar management or revision procedures may be discussed. These may include treatments such as laser therapy, dermabrasion, or surgical excision. The choice of treatment depends on the type of scar and individual circumstances, and outcomes can vary.
It is important to have realistic expectations about scarring before undergoing surgery. Scars cannot be eliminated, but there are options to help improve their appearance. Patients are encouraged to raise any questions or concerns with their surgeon, so they can make an informed decision about the procedure and understand the potential risks and management strategies.
Infection
Infection is a potential risk of any surgical procedure, including cosmetic surgery. Although strict sterilisation and infection-control protocols are followed, it is not possible to remove this risk entirely. The likelihood and severity of infection can vary depending on individual factors and the type of procedure performed.
Read moreTo help reduce the risk of infection, surgeons may use antibiotics, follow strict aseptic techniques, and monitor patients for any signs of infection. Patients also play an important role in their recovery by carefully following post-operative care instructions, which can assist in lowering the risk of complications.
Infection is a recognised risk of all surgical procedures, including cosmetic surgery. Any time the skin is cut, there is an entry point for bacteria and other microorganisms. Although healthcare professionals follow strict sterilisation protocols to reduce this risk, it cannot be completely eliminated.
To help lower the likelihood of infection, surgeons may use antibiotics, follow strict aseptic techniques during surgery, and monitor patients carefully afterwards. Antibiotics may be prescribed before and/or after the operation, depending on the procedure and the patient’s individual medical circumstances.
During surgery, precautions such as using sterile instruments, maintaining a controlled environment, and wearing protective clothing are followed to help reduce the introduction of bacteria into the surgical site. Even with these measures, infections can still occur, which is why ongoing monitoring and early management are important.
Patients also play an important role in their recovery. Following post-operative instructions-such as keeping the surgical site clean and dry, avoiding activities that could interfere with healing, and promptly reporting any signs of infection (for example redness, swelling, pain, or discharge)-can assist in reducing the chance of complications.
While the risk of infection cannot be removed entirely, these combined strategies-both by the surgical team and the patient-are designed to support safer recovery and allow for timely management if infection develops.
Pain
Pain and discomfort are common after cosmetic surgery. These symptoms can vary between individuals and procedures, but strategies such as prescribed pain relief and supportive care are often used to help manage them.
Read moreThe level of pain experienced after cosmetic surgery can vary depending on the type of procedure, an individual’s pain threshold, and their healing response. Pain relief medications are often prescribed to help manage discomfort during recovery. Patients are encouraged to communicate openly with their healthcare team about their pain, as effective management is an important part of the recovery process.
Undesirable cosmetic outcome
Although cosmetic surgery is performed with the intention of improving appearance, there is a risk that the final result may not meet a patient’s expectations or may differ from the anticipated outcome.
Read moreOutcomes can be influenced by many factors, including individual healing responses and the expectations a patient brings to surgery. It is important for patients to have open and thorough discussions with their surgeon about what results are realistically achievable and any potential limitations. In some cases, further procedures may be considered if the initial outcome does not meet expectations.
Nerve damage
Nerve injury is a possible complication of cosmetic surgery.
Read moreSurgeons take care to minimise the risk of nerve injury during procedures, but this risk cannot be removed entirely. Nerve damage may result in altered sensation such as numbness, tingling, or reduced sensitivity in the area of surgery. In some cases, these changes improve over time, although recovery can vary and some effects may be long-lasting. Patients are encouraged to discuss this risk with their surgeon before making a decision about surgery.
Bruising and swelling
Bruising and swelling are expected effects after cosmetic surgery, especially during the initial stages of recovery.
Read moreBruising and swelling are part of the body’s normal healing response after surgery. Measures such as compression garments, elevation, and cold compresses may be recommended to help manage these effects. Although usually temporary, bruising and swelling can cause discomfort and may influence the recovery process. Following post-operative care instructions can assist in supporting recovery, but the duration and severity of these symptoms vary between individuals.
Bleeding
Bleeding during or after surgery is a possible complication of any surgical procedure, including cosmetic surgery.
Read moreSurgeons use techniques during surgery to help control bleeding, but some post-operative bleeding can still occur. Patients should contact their healthcare provider if bleeding seems excessive or does not improve with gentle pressure. In rare cases, more significant bleeding may require further treatment in hospital, which can include additional procedures or, occasionally, a blood transfusion.
Seroma
A seroma is a collection of fluid that may develop under the skin following surgery.
Read moreSeromas form as part of the body’s inflammatory response and are more common after larger surgical procedures. They may cause swelling or discomfort. To manage this, surgeons may use drains during surgery or remove fluid afterwards through a procedure called aspiration. While these measures can help reduce the likelihood of fluid build-up, seromas can still occur. Regular follow-up and monitoring allow for timely detection and management if they develop.
Anaesthetic complications
Complications related to anaesthesia are uncommon but can occur with any surgical procedure, including cosmetic surgery.
Read moreAnaesthesia is used during surgery to manage pain and keep patients comfortable. The risks associated with anaesthesia can vary depending on individual factors such as medical history, allergies, and overall health. Anaesthetists are specialist doctors who monitor patients throughout the procedure and use established techniques to help reduce these risks, although complications can still occur.
Death
Although rare, death is a possible risk with any surgical procedure, including cosmetic surgery. It is important for patients to be aware that all surgery carries inherent risks.
Read morePatient safety is a key focus in cosmetic surgery. Preoperative assessment, careful surgical planning, and adherence to established protocols are important in helping to reduce risks. Patients are encouraged to discuss their individual concerns and circumstances with their surgical team.
In conclusion, while cosmetic surgery may change a person’s appearance, it also carries risks and potential complications. Understanding these risks and discussing them openly with a surgeon supports informed decision-making and realistic expectations. Following post-operative care instructions and maintaining clear communication with the healthcare team can also play an important role in recovery.
