Dr. Alex Phoon

The severity and appearance of scars can vary from person to person and depend on the type of procedure performed. Factors such as genetics, skin type, and individual healing responses can influence how noticeable scars may be. In many cases, scars may become less prominent over time, but this process is highly individual.

Scarring is a normal part of the body’s healing process. When the skin is cut or injured, the body forms new collagen fibres to repair the area. This healing response creates a scar, which may differ in colour and texture from the surrounding skin.

Different types of scars may occur after cosmetic surgery. For example, hypertrophic scars are raised, thickened areas that may be red or itchy. Keloid scars, which grow beyond the boundaries of the original wound, can occur in some people and may be more common in those with darker skin tones.

While surgical techniques aim to minimise tension on the skin and place incisions in less visible areas, scarring cannot be completely avoided. Patients are often advised to follow post-operative instructions carefully, which may include wound care, the use of silicone gels or dressings, and sun protection.

In some situations, scar management or revision procedures may be discussed. These may include treatments such as laser therapy, dermabrasion, or surgical excision. The choice of treatment depends on the type of scar and individual circumstances, and outcomes can vary.

It is important to have realistic expectations about scarring before undergoing surgery. Scars cannot be eliminated, but there are options to help improve their appearance. Patients are encouraged to raise any questions or concerns with their surgeon, so they can make an informed decision about the procedure and understand the potential risks and management strategies.

To help reduce the risk of infection, surgeons may use antibiotics, follow strict aseptic techniques, and monitor patients for any signs of infection. Patients also play an important role in their recovery by carefully following post-operative care instructions, which can assist in lowering the risk of complications.
Infection is a recognised risk of all surgical procedures, including cosmetic surgery. Any time the skin is cut, there is an entry point for bacteria and other microorganisms. Although healthcare professionals follow strict sterilisation protocols to reduce this risk, it cannot be completely eliminated.

To help lower the likelihood of infection, surgeons may use antibiotics, follow strict aseptic techniques during surgery, and monitor patients carefully afterwards. Antibiotics may be prescribed before and/or after the operation, depending on the procedure and the patient’s individual medical circumstances.

During surgery, precautions such as using sterile instruments, maintaining a controlled environment, and wearing protective clothing are followed to help reduce the introduction of bacteria into the surgical site. Even with these measures, infections can still occur, which is why ongoing monitoring and early management are important.

Patients also play an important role in their recovery. Following post-operative instructions-such as keeping the surgical site clean and dry, avoiding activities that could interfere with healing, and promptly reporting any signs of infection (for example redness, swelling, pain, or discharge)-can assist in reducing the chance of complications.

While the risk of infection cannot be removed entirely, these combined strategies-both by the surgical team and the patient-are designed to support safer recovery and allow for timely management if infection develops.

The level of pain experienced after cosmetic surgery can vary depending on the type of procedure, an individual’s pain threshold, and their healing response. Pain relief medications are often prescribed to help manage discomfort during recovery. Patients are encouraged to communicate openly with their healthcare team about their pain, as effective management is an important part of the recovery process.

Outcomes can be influenced by many factors, including individual healing responses and the expectations a patient brings to surgery. It is important for patients to have open and thorough discussions with their surgeon about what results are realistically achievable and any potential limitations. In some cases, further procedures may be considered if the initial outcome does not meet expectations.

Surgeons take care to minimise the risk of nerve injury during procedures, but this risk cannot be removed entirely. Nerve damage may result in altered sensation such as numbness, tingling, or reduced sensitivity in the area of surgery. In some cases, these changes improve over time, although recovery can vary and some effects may be long-lasting. Patients are encouraged to discuss this risk with their surgeon before making a decision about surgery.

Bruising and swelling are part of the body’s normal healing response after surgery. Measures such as compression garments, elevation, and cold compresses may be recommended to help manage these effects. Although usually temporary, bruising and swelling can cause discomfort and may influence the recovery process. Following post-operative care instructions can assist in supporting recovery, but the duration and severity of these symptoms vary between individuals.

Surgeons use techniques during surgery to help control bleeding, but some post-operative bleeding can still occur. Patients should contact their healthcare provider if bleeding seems excessive or does not improve with gentle pressure. In rare cases, more significant bleeding may require further treatment in hospital, which can include additional procedures or, occasionally, a blood transfusion.

Seromas form as part of the body’s inflammatory response and are more common after larger surgical procedures. They may cause swelling or discomfort. To manage this, surgeons may use drains during surgery or remove fluid afterwards through a procedure called aspiration. While these measures can help reduce the likelihood of fluid build-up, seromas can still occur. Regular follow-up and monitoring allow for timely detection and management if they develop.

Anaesthesia is used during surgery to manage pain and keep patients comfortable. The risks associated with anaesthesia can vary depending on individual factors such as medical history, allergies, and overall health. Anaesthetists are specialist doctors who monitor patients throughout the procedure and use established techniques to help reduce these risks, although complications can still occur.

Patient safety is a key focus in cosmetic surgery. Preoperative assessment, careful surgical planning, and adherence to established protocols are important in helping to reduce risks. Patients are encouraged to discuss their individual concerns and circumstances with their surgical team.

In conclusion, while cosmetic surgery may change a person’s appearance, it also carries risks and potential complications. Understanding these risks and discussing them openly with a surgeon supports informed decision-making and realistic expectations. Following post-operative care instructions and maintaining clear communication with the healthcare team can also play an important role in recovery.